Analisis Faktor Kunci dan Tantangan dalam Pemenuhan Standar Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) untuk Mencapai Infrastruktur yang Berkualitas: Sebuah Literatur Review

Ery Farida; Qomariyatus Sholihah; Sri Andarini; M. Halim Natsir

doi:10.61132/konstruksi.v1i3.362

Authors

Ery Farida Universitas Brawijaya
Qomariyatus Sholihah Universitas Brawijaya
Sri Andarini Universitas Brawijaya
M. Halim Natsir Universitas Brawijaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61132/konstruksi.v1i3.362

Keywords:

Occupational Safety and Health (K3), Infrastructure, Risk Management

Abstract

he construction sector is a dynamic industry that produces projects in terms of infrastructure and buildings. This sector faces challenges, particularly in worker safety and health (K3) in every project. Statistics show that the increase in fatalities and permanent disability cases due to accidents at construction sites in Indonesia is among the highest compared to other industrial sectors. This study examines the key factors and challenges in meeting occupational safety and health (K3) standards to achieve quality infrastructure. The method used in this study is a literature review conducted through databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. After selection, 42 articles were used as sources for analysis in this study. The results indicate that technical aspects, both Internal Risks and Project Risks, are the most influential causes of health and safety risks in a building construction project. Meanwhile, External Non-Technical Risks are the least influential causes of health and safety risks in a building construction project. Risk control can be carried out through good working methods, the use of tools according to warning signs, the appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and clear explanations of accident risks and risk control methods by the contractor.

References

Abas, N. H., Jalani, A. F. A., & Affandi, H. M. 2020. Construction stakeholders’ perceptions of occupational safety and health risks in Malaysia. International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology, Vol.11, (No.1): 300–311.

Agusman, A., Prasetya, H. B., & Purba, H. H. 2021. Tinjauan dan Analisis Risiko dalam Proyek Konstruksi Bangunan: Studi Literatur. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Manajemen, Vol.19, (No.2): 41–52.

Amirah, N. A., Asma, W. I., Muda, M. S., & Mohd Amin, W. A. A. W. 2013. Safety culture in combating occupational safety and health problems in the Malaysian manufacturing sectors. Asian Social Science, Vol.9, (No.3): 182–191.

Andersson F, Hjelm K. 2017. Patient safety in nursing homes in Sweden: nurses’ views on safety and their role. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, Vol.22, (No.4): 204-210.

Apriyan, J., Setiawan, H., Ervianto, W.I. 2017. Analisis Risiko Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Proyek Bangunan Gedung Dengan Metode Fmea. Jurnal Muara Sains, Teknologi, Kedokteran Dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Vol.1, (No.1): 115–123.

Atmaja, J., Suardi, E., Natalia, M., Mirani, Z., & Alpina, M. P. 2018. Penerapan Sistem Pengendalian Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja pada Pelaksanaan Proyek Konstruksi di Kota Padang. Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Sipil, Vol.15, (No.2): 64–76.

Auffret, J.P., Snowdon, J.L., Stavrou, A., Katz, J.S., Kelley, D., Rahman, R.S., … Warweg, P. 2017. Cybersecurity Leadership: Competencies, Governance, and Technologies for Industrial Control Systems. Journal of Interconnection Networks, Vol.17, (No.01): 1740001.

Badri, A., Boudreau-Trudel, B., dan Souissi, A.S. 2018. Occupational health and safety in the industry 4.0 era: A cause for major concern? Safety Science, Vol.109: 403–411.

Befrouei, M.A.R. dan Taghipour, M. 2015. Identification and Management of Risks in Construction Projects. American Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.3: 170.

Borys, D. 2015. Do Occupational Safety and Health Professionals Improve the Occupational Safety and Health Performance of an Organisation? Journal of Health and Safety J Health & Safety Research & Practice, Vol.7, (No.1): 2–13.

Bria, T.A. dan Loden, O. 2016. Manajemen Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) pada Proyek-Proyek Konstruksi di Kota Kupang. Juteks Jurnal Teknik Sipil, Vol.1, (No.2).

Brocal, F., González, C., dan Sebastián, M.A. 2018. Technique to identify and characterize new and emerging risks: A new tool for application in manufacturing processes. Safety Science, Vol.109: 144–156.

Brocal, F. dan Sebastián, M.A. 2015. Identification and Analysis of Advanced Manufacturing Processes Susceptible of Generating New and Emerging Occupational Risks. Procedia Engineering, Vol.132: 887–894.

Danial, A., Hasyim, M. H., & Unas, S. El. 2015. Analisis Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja ( K3 ) dengan Metode Hazard Analysis dan Consequence – Likelihood Analysis. Jurnal Mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Sipil.

El-Nagar, R., Hosny, H., dan Askar, H.S. 2015. Development of a Safety Performance Index for Construction Projects in Egypt. American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol.3, (No.5): 182-192.

Ghazali, N., Khalijah, Y.S., dan Mohammad, H. 2014. Contractors’ Compliance on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Policies in Malaysia’s Construction Industry. Conference MUCET 2014, Malacca.

Ciardini, V., Contessa, G., Falsaperla, R., Gómez-Amo, J., Meloni, D., Monteleone, F., … di Sarra, A. 2016. Global and Mediterranean climate change: a short summary. Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Vol.52, (No.3): 325–337.

Contessa, G., Grandi, C., Scognamiglio, M., Genovese, E., dan Sandri, S. 2016. Climate change and safety at work with ionizing radiations. Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Vol.52, (No.3): 386–396.

Enshassi, A., Choudhry, R.M., Mayer, P.E., dan Shoman, Y. 2008. Safety Performance of Subcontractors in the Palestinian Construction Industry. J. Constr. Dev. Ctries., Vol.13, (No.1): 51–62.

Fucic, A., Galea, K.S., Duca, R.C., El Yamani, M., Frery, N., Godderis, L., … Moshammer, H. 2018. Potential health risk of endocrine disruptors in construction sector and plastics industry: A new paradigm in occupational health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol.15, (No.6).

Gatto, M., Cabella, R., dan Gherardi, M. 2016. Climate change: the potential impact on occupational exposure to pesticides. Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Vol.52, (No.3): 374–385.

Girardi, P., Bressan, V., dan Merler, E. 2014. Past trends and future prediction of mesothelioma incidence in an industrialized area of Italy, the Veneto Region. Cancer Epidemiology, Vol.38, (No.5): 496–503.

Gordon, K.D. 2012. The incidence of eye injuries in Canada. Can. J. Ophthalmol., Vol.47, (No.4): 351–353.

Grandi, C., Borra, M., Militello, A., dan Polichetti, A. 2016. Impact of climate change on occupational exposure to solar radiation. Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Vol.52, (No.3): 343–356.

Hamid, A.R.A., Razak, A.R.A., Yusof, A.M., Jaya, R.P., Zakaria, R., Aminudin, E., Anuar, M.A., et al. 2019. Noncompliance of the occupational safety and health legislation in the Malaysian construction industry. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol.220, (No.1).

Hanafi, A.S. dan Sholihah, Q. 2017. Effect of Application of Standard Operating Procedure and Work Motivation to Occupational Accident on Coal Mine Employees. American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol.14, (No.2): 231-238.

Harrison, J., dan Dawson, L. 2016. Occupational Health: Meeting the Challenges of the Next 20 Years. Safety and Health at Work, Vol.7, (No.2): 143–149.

Héry, M., dan Levert, C. 2017. The future of work: The impact of technology on employment and its arduousness. Futuribles: Analyse et Prospective, (No.420): 5–18.

Hinze, J.W. dan Teizer, J. 2011. Visibility-related fatalities related to construction equipment. Saf. Sci., Vol.49, (No.5): 709–718.

Howard, J., Murashov, V., & Schulte, P. 2017. Synthetic biology and occupational risk. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol.14, (No.3): 224–236.

HSEpedia. 2022. Angka Kecelakaan Kerja di Indonesia Terbaru. https://hsepedia.com/angka-kecelakaan-kerja-di-indonesia-terbaru/. Diakses pada 15 Oktober 2022.

Indrayani, R. 2017. Analisis Risiko Keselamatan Kerja Pada Proyek Pengembangan Bandara Internasional Juanda Terminal 2 Surabaya. Ikesma, Vol.13, (No.2): 77–93.

Islam, M. S., Razwanul, I., & Mahmud, M. T. 2017. Safety Practices and Causes of Fatality in Building Construction Projects: A Case Study for Bangladesh. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.11, (No.2): 267–279.

Jeschke, K.N., Waldorff, S.B., Dyreborg, J., Kines, P., & Ajslev, J.Z.N. (2021). Complaining about occupational safety and health: a barrier for collaboration between managers and workers on construction sites. Construction Management and Economics, Vol.39, (No.6): 459–474.

Kadek, N., Ebtha, S., Suardika, I. N., & Sudiasa, I. W. 2021. Analisis Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Konstruksi Bangunan Gedung dengan Tahap HIRADC, Vol.20, (No.01): 11–20.

Kirin, S., Božić, M., Brzaković, M., & Vučetić, I. 2015. Challenges of future research in the area of industrial safety. Structural Integrity and Life, Vol.15, (No.2): 71–78.

Kjellstrom, T., Briggs, D., Freyberg, C., Lemke, B., Otto, M., & Hyatt, O. 2016. Heat, Human Performance, and Occupational Health: A Key Issue for the Assessment of Global Climate Change Impacts. Annual Review of Public Health, Vol.37, (No.1): 97–112.

Kjellstrom, T., Lemke, B., dan Otto, M. 2017. Climate conditions, workplace heat and occupational health in South-East Asia in the context of climate change. WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health, Vol.6, (No.2): 15–21.

Kurniawidjaja, M, 2010. Teori dan Aplikasi Kesehatan Kerja. Jakarta: UI-Press.

Lakhiar, M. T., Lakhiar, M. T., & Halid, A. 2021. High-Rise Building Projects in Pakistan: A Systematic Literature Review. Research in Engineering Sciences, Vol.4, (No.1): 99–114.

Leso, V., Fontana, L., dan Iavicoli, I. 2018. The occupational health and safety dimension of Industry 4.0. La Medicina Del Lavoro, Vol.110, (No.5): 327–338.

Lindholm, M., Reiman, A., dan Vayrynen, S. 2020. On Future Occupational Safety and Health Challenges in Industrialized Countries – A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Safety, Vol.4, (No.1): 108-127.

Marchetti, E., Capone, P., dan Freda, D. 2016. Climate change impact on microclimate of work environment related to occupational health and productivity. Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Vol.52, (No.3): 338–342.

Mbareche, H., Veillette, M., Dubuis, M.È., Bakhiyi, B., Marchand, G., Zayed, J., … Duchaine, C. 2018. Fungal bioaerosols in biomethanization facilities. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, Vol.68, (No.11): 1198–1210.

Mensi, C., De Matteis, S., Dallari, B., Riboldi, L., Bertazzi, P.A., & Consonni, D. 2016. Incidence of mesothelioma in Lombardy, Italy: exposure to asbestos, time patterns and future projections. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Vol.73, (No.9): 607–613.

Mo, Y., Zhao, D., Du, J., Liu, W., dan Dhara, A. 2018. Data-driven approach to scenario determination for VR-based construction safety training. Construction Research Congress 2018: Safety and Disaster Management 2018: 116–125.

Moraru, R. I., Bǎbuţ, G. B., dan Popescu Stelea, M. 2014. Approaching occupational safety and health emerging risks categories and prevention. Quality - Access to Success, Vol.15, (No.139): 104–108.

Mokeira Abaya, P., dan Ondieki, S. 2021. Influence of Training on Occupational Safety and Health Compliance for the Construction Projects in Embakasi South Nairobi City County. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol.10, (No.2): 403–411.

Muflihah, S., dan Pudjihardjo, H. S. 2019. Analisis Manajemen Risiko Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Pada Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Di Semarang. Teknika Risiko K3, Vol.14, (No.2): 54.

Munang, A., RM, F., & Mansur, A. 2018. Manajamen Risiko Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Proyek Pembangunan Jalur Ganda Kereta Api. Applied Industrial Engineering Journal, Vol.2, (No.1): 8–15.

Musarat, M.A., Alaloul, W.S., dan Liew, M.S. 2020a. Impact of inflation rate on construction projects budget: A review. Ain Shams Eng. J..

Musarat, M.A., Alaloul, W.S., dan Liew, M.S., Maqsoom, A., dan Qureshi, A.H. 2020b. Investigating the impact of inflation on building materials prices in construction industry. J. Build. Eng., Vol.32: 101485.

Muslim, E.A., Ratnaningsih, A., Sukmawati, S. 2014. Analisis Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) pada Proyek Gunawangsa Merr Apartment. Berkala Saintek: 1-9.

Nurainiyah dan Agustapraja, H. R. 2019. Penerapan Standart Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Proyek Jasa Konstruksi (Studi Kasus: Pembangunan Gedung Kantor Pemkab Lamongan). Jurnal Civilla, Vol.4, (No.1): 214–219.

Obolewicz, J. dan Dąbrowski, A. 2018. An application of the Pareto method in surveys to diagnose managers’ and workers’ perception of occupational safety and health on selected Polish construction sites. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, Vol.24, (No.3): 406–421.

Pogačar, T., Casanueva, A., Kozjek, K., Ciuha, U., Mekjavić, I.B., Kajfež Bogataj, L., dan Črepinšek, Z. 2018. The effect of hot days on occupational heat stress in the manufacturing industry: implications for workers’ well-being and productivity. International Journal of Biometeorology, Vol.62, (No.7): 1251–1264.

Rawis, T.D., Tjakra, J., & Tisano, T.A. 2016. Perencanaan Biaya Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Pada Proyek Konstruksi Bangunan (Studi Kasus: Sekolah St.Ursula Kotamobagu). Perencanaan Biaya Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Pada Proyek Konstruksi Bangunan (Studi Kasus: Sekolah St.Ursula Kota Mobagu), Vol.4, (No.4): 241–252.

Saraswati, Y., Ridwan, A., dan Iwan Candra, A. 2020. Analisis Penerapan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Pembangunan Gedung Kuliah Bersama Kampus C Unair Surabaya. Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi & Teknik Sipil, Vol.3, (No.2): 247.

Sari, N., Mulyani, E., & M.Nuh, S. 2016. Manajemen Resiko Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Pada Pekerjaan Konstruksi. Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil Universitas Tanjungpura, Vol.2, (No.2): 1–14.

Schulte, P.A., Bhattacharya, A., Butler, C.R., Chun, H.K., Jacklitsch, B., Jacobs, T., … Wagner, G. R. 2016. Advancing the framework for considering the effects of climate change on worker safety and health. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Vol.13, (No.11): 847–865.

Setiawan, E., Tambunan, W., Kartika, D., dan Kuncoro, R. 2019. Analisis Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Menggunakan Metode Hazard: 95–103.

Sholihah, Q., Feditasari, E.D., Kuncoro, W., Azlia, Q., dan Widyawati, S. 2019a. Risk Analysis of Laboratory Hazards with Hazop (Hazard and Operability Study Methods. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity, and Change, Vol.7, (No.9): 59-72.

Sholihah, Q., Fhaiz, I.M.N., Aulanni’am, Kuncoro, W., Novareza, O., dan Yiniarti, R. 2019b. An Analysis of the Knowledge of Disaster Preparedness and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Promotion on Earthquake Disaster Preparedness. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity, and Change, Vol.7, (No.9): 1-10.

Sholihah, Q., Hardiningtyas, D., Hulukati, S.A., dan Kuncoro, W. 2020. Automation of Occupational Safety and Health (K3) Electricity Based on Internet of Things (IoT). iCOMERA, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering: 1-7.

Siahaan, F. 2015. Overview of Architectural Work in Construction Projects with an Approach to Multi-storey Buildings. Scale ISSN: 2388-7912: 344-359

Suardi, R. 2005. Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja; Panduan Penerapan berdasarkan OHSAS 18001 & Permenaker 1996. Jakarta: Penerbit PPM.

Syahriadi, R. 2020. Analisis Manajemen Risiko Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Lingkungan Mutu Proyek Jalan Tol Dan Jembatan Pada Pt. Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Di Kota Depok. Jurnal Teknik Sipil Dan Lingkungan Universitas Nusa Putra (J-TESLINK).

Umar, T., dan Wamuziri, S.C. 2016. A review of construction safety, challenges and opportunities – Oman perspective. Proceedings of 5th World Construction Symposium 2016.

Tagueha, W.P., Mangare, J.B., dan Arsjad, T.T. 2018. Manajemen Resiko Keselamatan dan kesehatan Kerja (K3) Pada Proyek Kontruksi (Studi Kasus: Pembangunan Gedung Laboratorium Fakultas Teknik Unsrat). Sipil Statik, Vol.6, (No.11): 907–916.

Valenti, A., Gagliardi, D., Fortuna, G., dan Iavicoli, S. 2016. Towards a greener labour market: occupational health and safety implications. Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore Di Sanita, Vol.52, (No.3): 415– 423.

Wandzich, D. E., dan Plaza, G. A. 2017. New and Emerging Risks Associated with “green” Workplaces. Workplace Health and Safety, Vol.65, (No.10): 493–500.

Wisudawati, N. dan Patradhiani, R. 2020. Analisis Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) dengan Metode Hazard Analysis (Studi Kasus pada Proyek Pembangunan Perumahan). Integrasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri, Vol.5, (No.1): 29.

Yuliani, U. 2017. Manajemen Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) pada Infrastruktur Gedung Bertingkat. Jurmal Ilmiah Desain & Konstruksi, Vol.16, (No.1).

Yusida, H., Suwandi, T., Yusuf, A., dan Sholihah, Q. 2016. Development of Actively Caring Model for Occupational Health and Safety on Informal Sector Workers of Sasirangan Industry. Scientia Research Library, Journal of Applied Science and Research, Vol.4, (No.5): 37-45.